Graphene oxide nanocomposites have been studied for their enhanced conductivity, stability, and surface area, which makes them ideal candidates for energy storage, sensors, and catalytic applications. In this study, transition metal oxide composites with rGO are synthesized to have an effective combination with improved electrochemical performance. The hydrothermal method was adapted for the synthesis of CdO@rGO, CuO@rGO, and MoO2@rGO, which were duly confirmed for their structural details through powder XRD patterns, FTIR, and SEM. The synthesized nanocomposites were evaluated for their detailed electrochemical performances using a potentiostat with a three-electrode system, the working electrode as the active material under study. Among the RGO-based composites studied, MoO2@rGO demonstrated superior capacitive performance, achieving a maximum capacitance of 1851.60 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s. This outperforms both CdO@rGO (1643.70 F/g) and CuO@rGO (1206.90 F/g). This enhanced capacitance for the synthesized nanocomposites could also be linked to their morphological insights presented in SEM micrographs, thus providing nanoporous nanoparticles decorated over the nanoflakes of rGO. The performance of the presented materials is attributed to better electrolyte accessibility and ion diffusion within the nanocomposite, which proves to be an effective class of material for high performance energy storage devices